PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of North America					Ordovician of China			Devonian of Germany
Permian	Cisuralian	Asselian	Bursumian †										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian										298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian										303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian										305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian										307
		Moscovian	Atokan										312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan										315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan										318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian										323.2
		Visean	Chesterian										330.9
			Meramecian										335.8 *
			Osagean										343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean										346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian										351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
		Pragian										Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian										Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian			Gamachian				Chientangkiangian				445.2
					Richmondian				Chientangkiangian				446 *
					Richmondian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian							449.8 *
					Edenian								450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian								453
					Turinian								453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor						457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian							Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian				Dapingian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	Yiyangian				470
		Floian			Tulean				Yiyangian				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian				477.7
											Lianghekou †		477.9 *
					Stairsian								480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †					482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian								485.4
													487.5