PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian										Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian										Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian										Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian										Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian												66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic												100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Zechstein											254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
										Filipovian									276.5 *
										Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian						Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
										Irginian									285.9 *
										Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian					307
		Moscovian	Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan					315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan					318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian					323.2
		Visean	Chesterian					330.9
			Meramecian					335.8 *
			Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean					346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian					351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian					Gamachian	445.2
							Chientangkiangian					Richmondian	446 *
							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Richmondian	449.5
												Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian		450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian										Chatfieldian		453
												Turinian		453.7 *
											Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian					Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Yiyangian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian									477.7
										Lianghekou †						477.9 *
												Stairsian				480.3 *
												Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10															Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian															Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian														Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan														Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan														Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4														Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3														Dyeran		514
																Montezuman		514.8 *
																Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
																			538.8