PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan								56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan											Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian											Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
													Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian										Urzhumian		264.28
																265.3 *
															Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb	266.9
				Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
														Filipovian		276.5 *
														Saraninian		280.1 *
				Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
														Irginian		285.9 *
														Burtsevian		287.8 *
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
				Asselian	Bursumian †								Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
														Uskalykian		294.8
														Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
			Gzhelian	Virgilian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Missourian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
				Missourian						Dalaun	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian							305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian						307
			Moscovian	Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian				312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
				Morrowan				318.4 *
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Late Mississippian			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Middle Mississippian			Shangsian	330.9
								Jiusian	335 *
				Meramecian					335.8 *
				Osagean					343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	Early Mississippian			Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian			Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian				443.8
			Katian						Bolindian				445.2
	Eastonian								449 *
	Gisbornian								452 *
	Gisbornian		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian						467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Bendigonian						471.8 *
			Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian						Ungurian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian						Ungurian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian				485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian				489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian				504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
									Toyonian				510 *
						Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635