PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127914 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Siberia			European Faunal Zones	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian												MN 17						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												MN 16						2.58
				Piacenzian												MN 15						3.2
				Zanclean												MN 15						3.6
																MN 14						4.2
																MN 13						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian												MN 13						5.333
				Tortonian												MN 12						7.246
																MN 11						7.75
																MN 10						8.7
																MN 9						9.7
																MN 7 + 8						11.1
				Serravallian												MN 7 + 8						11.63
				Serravallian												MN 6						12.8 *
				Langhian												MN 5						13.82
				Burdigalian												MN 4						15.98
																MN 3						16.9
																MN 2						20
				Aquitanian												MN 2						20.44
				Aquitanian												MN 1						22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Melekhovian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Wordian													Noginskian					264.9 *
Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
			Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
			Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian	Krevyakinian	305.9 *
			Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
				Atokan	Kashirian	312.7 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Morrowan	Cheremshanian	318.4 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
			Visean		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Meramecian	Tulian	335.8 *
				Meramecian	Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Osagean	Bobrikian	343.1 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
				Kinderhookian	Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4					Jaani
		Telychian	Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian							Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
			Berounian								Streffordian		449.7 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian					456.8 *
												Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
			Dobrotivian													458.5 *
			Oretanian													459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
										Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian													468
									Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Fennian					470
											Whitlandian					471.1 *
											Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian							Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
											Cressagian					480.8 *
											Cressagian					Mansian †	483.55 *
																Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																			489.5
																Aksaian					490.7 *
																Sakian					492.2 *
																				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																			494
		Paibian																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Ayusokkanian			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian														Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian														Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan		Topazan										504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Waucoban †			509
				Toyonian													Lenian †		510 *
				Toyonian		Dyeran													511 *
				Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3			514
					Montezuman	514.8 *
				Atdabanian	Montezuman		515.6 *
				Atdabanian	Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian														538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian				Karatau														800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau														1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian														1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian														1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan														1375
																						1400