PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
				Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
				Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian	Bursumian †									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian									298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort			485.4
												486.3 *
								486.5
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
			Tonian									Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
			Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
			Calymmian										1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
			Orosirian										1800
			Rhyacian										2050
			Siderian	2300
Archean		Neoarchean		2500
		Mesoarchean		2800
		Paleoarchean		3200
		Eoarchean		3600
Hadean				4000
														4600