PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of Western Europe
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian									Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian									Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian									Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Meishanian	Melekhovian		251.902
		Changhsingian										Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Laoshanian		Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								Laibinian		Zechstein	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								Lengwuan		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								Kuhfengian			264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Luodianian			273.01
		Kungurian											Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian												Autunian	283.5
												Longlinian			285.4 *
													Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †									Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian			Late Pennsylvanian						Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian	Virgilian												300.1
		Kasimovian	Missourian										Dorogomilovian		303.7
													Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian		305.9 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
			Atokan			Kashirian	312.7 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Morrowan			Cheremshanian	318.4 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Meramecian			Tulian	335.8 *
			Meramecian			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Osagean			Bobrikian	343.1 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
			Kinderhookian			Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
				Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
								Dobrotivian		458.5 *
								Oretanian		459.7 *
				Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †							467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	509
		Stage 3									Branchian	514
		Stage 3									Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8