PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian							Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian							Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Senonian		66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Gallic		100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian												Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Melekhovian			251.902
		Wuchiapingian									Zechstein					254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Tatarian	Vyatkian						Zechstein					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian						Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian											264.28
		Wordian			Urzhumian								Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian											266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian											273.01
					Filipovian											276.5 *
					Filipovian								Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
					Saraninian											280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian						Autunian					283.5
					Irginian											285.9 *
					Irginian								Rusavkinian			287.6 *
					Burtsevian											287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian											290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian											291.7 *
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Asselian	Shikhanian											293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
							Khamovnikian	304.8
							Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Desmoinesian				Krevyakinian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
			Atokan				Kashirian	312.7 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Morrowan				Cheremshanian	318.4 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian				Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
		Visean					Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Meramecian				Tulian	335.8 *
			Meramecian				Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Osagean				Bobrikian	343.1 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian					Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
			Kinderhookian				Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian	449.5
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *						Aurelucian
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
						Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian					Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
									Migneintian	Lianghekou †		477.9 *
									Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10										Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian										Iverian	489.5
		Paibian										Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Mindyallan	497
												Mindyallan	Arcadian	498.4
												Boomerangian		499
		Drumian										Undillan		500.5
		Drumian										Floran		503
		Wuliuan										Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan										Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Ordian	Branchian	509
		Stage 4												510.8 *
		Stage 3												514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8