PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of North America	Ten Million Year Bins	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian				0.0117
				Chibanian			Lujanian				0.129
				Chibanian			Ensenadan				0.3 *
				Calabrian			Ensenadan				0.774
				Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
				Gelasian			Sanandresian				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean				2.58
				Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
				Zanclean			Chapadmalalan				3.6
							Montehermosan				3.7 *
							Huayquerian				4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian							5.333
				Tortonian							7.246
							Chasicoan				7.9 *
							Mayoan				9.9 *
							Laventan				10.9 *
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5	Laventan				11.63
				Serravallian			Colloncuran				13.7 *
				Langhian			Colloncuran				13.82
				Langhian			Friasian				15.4 *
				Burdigalian			Friasian				15.98
							Santacrucian				16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
				Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian				20.44
				Aquitanian			Deseadan				20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4					23.03
				Rupelian							27.82
				Rupelian			Tinguirirican				28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3	Tinguirirican				33.9
				Priabonian			Divisaderan				35.9 *
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Lutetian			Mustersan				41.9 *
				Ypresian			Mustersan				47.8
				Ypresian			Casamayoran				47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Riochican				56
							Itaboraian				56.9 *
							Peligran				58.9 *
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
				Danian			Tiupampan				62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6					145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5					149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3					174.7
Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Bursumian †	Permian 1	Zisongian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Carboniferous 5	Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian	Virgilian				300.1
			Kasimovian	Missourian				303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Moscovian	Atokan				312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan				315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan				318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	Carboniferous 2			330.9
				Meramecian				335.8 *
				Osagean				343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	Carboniferous 1			346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	Carboniferous 1			351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4		497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4		500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
											1400