PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Senonian					66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4	Gallic					100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2	Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Gzhelian	Virgilian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Missourian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Moscovian	Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan				315.2
			Morrowan				318.4 *
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		Shangsian	330.9
						Jiusian	335 *
			Meramecian				335.8 *
			Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Devonian 2			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Devonian 1			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian			Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian			Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1				529
										538.8