PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan				56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian											66
				Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan											72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian												Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †											Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian	Mapingian †											Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian												Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian												Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian												Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian												Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian												Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Chesterian		323.2
				Visean												Chesterian		330.9
																Meramecian		335.8 *
																Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian												Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian												Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian												365.3 *
						Early Famennian												368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
				Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
				Early Frasnian				379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian		Givetian		382.7
				Middle Givetian				383.7 *
				Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian		Eifelian		390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian		Emsian		393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian		Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4						Uhaku
			Lasnamagi						458.9 *
			Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda	462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			477.7			Hunneberg
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran			514
									Montezuman			514.8 *
									Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635