PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan		150
					Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian			Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
		Carnian			Oretian		227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian			Etalian		238
		Anisian			Etalian		242
		Anisian			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan			Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian	Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
							305.9