PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127980 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian	3
		Zanclean					Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian	13.82
							Clifdenian	15.1
						Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian	23.03
							Duntroonian	25.2
							Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
						Arnold	Runangan	34.6
							Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian	41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
							Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan	47.8
							Mangaorapan	48.9
							Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian	56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian					Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
							Mangaotanean	90.5
							Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic			Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
								419.2