PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Yushean	Villanyian		2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene		Ruscinian		3.1 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene		Turolian		5.333
		Tortonian				Turolian		7.246
						Vallesian		8.7
					Tunggurian	Vallesian		11.1
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene	Tunggurian	Astaracian		11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene	Shanwangian	Astaracian		13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	Shanwangian	Orleanian		15.98
					Xiejiaan	Orleanian		16.9
						Agenian		20
		Aquitanian				Agenian		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †				298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †				303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran		514
				Montezuman		514.8 *
				Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
								538.8