PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean										Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean										Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian										Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian										Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian										Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian										Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian										Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian					283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †										298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian		305.9
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
					Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
					Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian		489.5
							Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian		Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
							Toyonian				510 *
							Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian				514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian				521
													525.5