PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene				0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian	Late Pliocene				2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian	Late Pliocene				3
				Zanclean							Waipipian	Early Pliocene				3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian	Early Pliocene				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene				5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan					7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan	Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
											Clifdenian					15.1
										Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian	Early Miocene				15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian	Late Oligocene				23.03
											Duntroonian					25.2
											Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian								Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene				33.9
										Arnold	Runangan					34.6
											Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan	Middle Eocene				37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian					41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
											Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan	Early Eocene				47.8
											Mangaorapan					48.9
											Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian	Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian							Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
											Mangaotanean					90.5
											Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan					93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
											Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan					100.5
											Urutawan					103.3
										Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian							Korangan					113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	298.9
			Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
						Dalaun	305.8 *
							305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	330.9
			Visean			Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10	Niuchehean								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian									489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian	Paibian									494
											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
							Waergangian †/Youshuanian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian	Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian	Drumian						Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					Waucoban †				509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
Stage 3			Nangaoian	514
				Montezuman				514.8 *
				Montezuman				Atdabanian			515.6 *
				Begadean				Atdabanian			519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan									1375
																1400