PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian											7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian											11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian											12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian																15.98
				Aquitanian																20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
				Kimmeridgian																149.2
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Pliensbachian																184.2
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian																208.5
				Carnian																227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Buntsandstein								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller								259.51
				Wordian								Leine								264.28
				Roadian																266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
				Artinskian																283.5
				Sakmarian																290.1
				Asselian															Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †														Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian	Mapingian †														Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian															Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian															Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian															Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian															Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian															Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Chesterian	323.2
				Visean															Chesterian	330.9
																			Meramecian	335.8 *
Osagean						343.1 *
Osagean				Tournaisian		346.7
Kinderhookian				Tournaisian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian			449.5
										Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †				461.7 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †				466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian			Dapingian				Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian				Arenigian					470
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian				Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian													493 *
	Steptoean		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian												Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran									Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4	Dyeran												511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran												514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Begadean												519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Wonokan †			571.7 *
																				635