PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
				Induan									251.2
				Induan		Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		Melekhovian					251.902
													252.4 *
						Chhidru							252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Chhidru							254.14
						Kalabagh							255 *
						Wargal							256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
								Noginskian					264.9 *
													265.3 *
						Amb							266.1 *
				Roadian		Amb							266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †		298.9
				Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
					Krevyakinian			305.9
				Moscovian	Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
				Visean	Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
				Pragian			Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
			Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery		Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian							489.5
			Aksaian							490.7 *
			Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan							509
			Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400