PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6												0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian		Cenozoic 5												11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian		Cenozoic 3									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian		Cenozoic 2												41.2
				Ypresian		Cenozoic 2										Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1									Gashatan			56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian											66
				Campanian		Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan											72.1
				Santonian		Cretaceous 6												83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4												100.5
				Aptian		Cretaceous 3												113
				Barremian		Cretaceous 2												121.4
				Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2												125.77
				Valanginian		Cretaceous 1												132.6
				Berriasian		Cretaceous 1												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6												145
				Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5												149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian		Jurassic 4												165.3
				Bajocian		Jurassic 4												168.2
				Aalenian		Jurassic 3												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3												174.7
				Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2												184.2
				Sinemurian		Jurassic 1												192.9
				Hettangian		Jurassic 1												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4												201.4
				Norian		Triassic 4												208.5
				Carnian		Triassic 3												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian		Permian 3												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2												273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian		Permian 1											Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †	Carboniferous 5											Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Missourian	Mapingian †			303.7
Kasimovian					Desmoinesian			305.9 *
Moscovian					Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4		307
Moscovian					Atokan			312.7 *
Bashkirian					Atokan			315.2
Bashkirian					Morrowan			318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2	Chesterian		330.9
						Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2			Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5	Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			Harju		Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4					Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3					Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg									473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1					477.7
	Varangu									481.3 *
	Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian						Albertian †		497
			Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan								504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran								506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran						Waucoban †		509
			Stage 4		Dyeran								511 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran								514
					Montezuman								514.8 *
					Begadean								519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1									529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †		Wonokan †			571.7 *
																		635