PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of China		Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian			100.5
										Middle Albian			106.2 *
										Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian			113
		Aptian								Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian			139.8
										Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
										Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian			174.7
										Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
										Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian								Sevatian			208.5
										Alaunian			213.2 *
										Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian			227
		Carnian								Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian			237
		Ladinian								Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian			242
										Pelsonian			243.8 *
										Bithynian			244.7 *
										Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
				Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A				303.7
				Cantabrian				305 *
							Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D		307.4 *
						Westphalian C		309.8
						Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B		315.2
						Westphalian A		317 *
						Westphalian A	Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian		318.8 *
						Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
						Arnsbergian		324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
						Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
				Warnantian		Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
				Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian			358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian			372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian			382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian			410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu						429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu						430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian			Paibian					494
		Paibian			Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian		530.7
													538.8