PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean	Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean	Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean	Early Pliocene					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian							7.246
		Tortonian		Pannonian	Tunggurian						11.1
		Serravallian		Sarmatian		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian			Shanwangian						13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian	Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan						16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian	259.51
		Wordian								Midian	264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian			330.9
		Visean		Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							489.5
								Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai		Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran			514
							Montezuman			514.8 *
							Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
							Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8