PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127980 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian Epochs	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America
Permian	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian														Wordian					264.28
		Roadian														Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian															Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian															Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian														Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian															Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian															Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																			298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian																		300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian																		303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun																		305.8 *
		Moscovian																			307
		Bashkirian																			315.2
			Huashibanian																		318.5 *
			Lousuan																		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian																		323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian																		330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian																		330.9
		Visean	Jiusian																		335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan																		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian																	358.9
				Middle Famennian																	365.3 *
				Early Famennian																	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian																	372.2
				Middle Frasnian																	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian																	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian																	382.7
				Middle Givetian																	383.7 *
				Early Givetian																	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian																	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian																	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian																	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian																	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian																	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian																	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian																	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian																	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli																	Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli																	Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian																			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian																			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian																	Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian																	Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian																			438.5
																				Alexandrian	438.7 *
																		Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
																					440.7 *
		Rhuddanian																			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian											443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †				Gamachian											445.2
					Kralodvorian					Richmondian											446 *
					Berounian					Richmondian											449.7 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian										449.8 *
										Edenian											450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian											451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian											453
										Turinian											453.7 *
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		Turinian											456.2 *
							Zahorany †/Vinice		Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor									457 *
						Liben †															458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																			458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Oretanian								459.7 *
						Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †							467.3
					Arenigian								468
										Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian				Late Cambrian	485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																					538.8