PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian Ages of Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene				Pannonian		7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene				Sarmatian		11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian							300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian							303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
			Huashibanian		318.5 *
			Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian		330.9
		Visean	Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian			Lockportian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
										443.8