PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of North America		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene								Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene								Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene								Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene								Waipipian			3
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene								Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene								Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian			13.82
												Clifdenian			15.1
											Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene								Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene								Waitakian			23.03
												Duntroonian			25.2
												Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene											33.9
											Arnold	Runangan			34.6
												Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene								Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian			41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
												Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian		Early Eocene								Heretaungan			47.8
												Mangaorapan			48.9
												Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene								Teurian			56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian										Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
												Mangaotanean			90.5
												Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan			93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
												Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Motuan			100.5
												Urutawan			103.3
											Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian										Korangan			113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian	303.7
										Dalaun	305.8 *
											305.9
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean							Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian						Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian						Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien						Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian			393.3
		Pragian								Siegen			407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien						Siegen			408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine						Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian									498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian									509
		Stage 3	Branchian									514
		Stage 3	Placentian									517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
															538.8