PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian					259.51
				Wordian					Wordian					264.28
				Roadian					Roadian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
				Kungurian						Hessian				281.9 *
				Artinskian						Hessian				283.5
				Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
				Sakmarian						Lenoxian				290.1
				Asselian						Nealian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian									300 *
				Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian									303.7
				Kasimovian	Dalaun									305.8 *
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
					Huashibanian									318.5 *
					Lousuan									321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian									323.2
				Serpukhovian	Shangsian									330.8 *
				Visean	Shangsian									330.9
				Visean	Jiusian									335 *
				Tournaisian	Tangbagouan									346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
				Pragian										407.6
				Lochkovian										410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli								Cayugan			419.2
			Pridoli								Niagaran			422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
			Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian		427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian		433.4
				Aeronian										438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
				Rhuddanian										440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
				Katian										445.2
				Sandbian										453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian										470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian						485.4
				Jiangshanian										489.5
				Paibian										494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian						497
				Guzhangian		Arcadian								498.4
				Drumian										500.5
				Wuliuan										504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian		Early Cambrian						509
				Stage 3		Branchian								514
				Stage 3		Placentian								517.1
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian					Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau							1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan							1375
														1400