PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of China		Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6									0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5									11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3									33.9
				Bartonian				Cenozoic 3									37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2									41.2
				Ypresian				Cenozoic 2									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1									56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	Senonian								66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7									72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6									83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	Gallic								100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3									113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2									121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1									132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6									145
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5									149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4									165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4									168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3									174.7
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2									184.2
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1									192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4									201.4
				Norian				Triassic 4									208.5
				Carnian				Triassic 3									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian				Permian 3									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2									273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian				Permian 1									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5									298.9
Xiaodushanian				Gzhelian	300 *
Xiaodushanian				Kasimovian	303.7
Dalaun				Kasimovian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
				Bashkirian		315.2
Huashibanian						318.5 *
Lousuan						321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	Carboniferous 2	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †		449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4					453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian			Ungurian	477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
	Paibian		Paibian		494
	Paibian		Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †					Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian	Drumian									Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian	Drumian									Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian							Cambrian 3		Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian											509
												Toyonian		510 *
												Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian							Cambrian 2		Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian									Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian									Tommotian		521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian								Cambrian 1				529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							Cambrian 1				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														1000
		Ectasian														1200
		Calymmian		1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
																	4600