PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5						11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3						33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3						37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2						41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3						113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1						132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6						145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5						149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4						165.3
				Bajocian						Jurassic 4						168.2
				Aalenian						Jurassic 3						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3						174.7
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2						184.2
				Sinemurian						Jurassic 1						192.9
				Hettangian						Jurassic 1						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4						201.4
				Norian						Triassic 4						208.5
				Carnian						Triassic 3						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Permian 4						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Dzhulfian							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Midian							259.51
				Wordian					Midian							264.28
				Wordian					Murgabian							266.2 *
				Roadian					Murgabian	Permian 3						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	Permian 2						273.01
				Kungurian					Bolorian							279.8
				Artinskian				Autunian	Bolorian							283.5
				Artinskian					Yakhtashian							286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Visean			Jiusian	Carboniferous 2	335 *
			Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Eastonian				Kralodvorian		449 *
							Eastonian				Berounian		449.7 *
							Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian					Ordovician 4					453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Yapeenian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
							Yapeenian				Arenigian				468
							Castlemainian								468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian								470
							Bendigonian								471.8 *
							Lancefieldian								473.5 *
			Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				477.7
	Warendian		Tremadocian				482.8 *	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian			635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400