PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene				MP 16		37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian									300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian									303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun									305.8 *
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
			Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	443.8
		Katian			Bolindian	445.2
					Eastonian	449 *
					Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	477.7
					Warendian	482.8 *
					Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian			489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan			509
						Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
												538.8