PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian										100.5
								Middle Albian										106.2 *
								Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian										113
		Aptian						Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian										139.8
								Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
								Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian										174.7
								Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
								Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian						Sevatian										208.5
								Alaunian										213.2 *
								Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian										227
		Carnian						Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Longobardian										237
		Ladinian						Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian						Illyrian										242
								Pelsonian										243.8 *
								Bithynian										244.7 *
								Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian										251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian										251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
		Asselian											Kuzel					297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
			Xiaodushanian															300 *
													Stephanian	Stephanian C				300.3 *
														Stephanian B				300.9 *
				Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
				Cantabrian	305 *
			Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
			Huashibanian			Westphalian A	318.5 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
			Lousuan			Marsdenian	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Shangsian			Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		335 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian			358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian			372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian			382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian			410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
												Aksaian					490.7 *
												Sakian					492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Ayusokkanian			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian										Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian			500.5							Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan							Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Waucoban †			509
					Toyonian		Lenian †					510 *
			Dyeran		Toyonian							511 *
					Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Montezuman		Atdabanian							515.6 *
			Begadean		Atdabanian							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian							521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †					529
																		538.8