PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of North America	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian	Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian							Sarmatian	Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian							Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian			Wordian								264.28
		Wordian			Wordian		Noginskian						264.9 *
		Roadian			Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
						Cathedralian	Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
						Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian							283.5
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
							Rusavkinian						287.6 *
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Nealian	Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian			Virgilian	Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian		Missourian	303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Dalaun	Krevyakinian		305.8 *
						Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Kashirian	Atokan	312.7 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
							Morrowan	318.4 *
					Huashibanian			318.5 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Lousuan	Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Lousuan	Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Zapaltjubian	Chesterian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
					Shangsian	Tarusian		330.8 *
		Visean				Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Jiusian	Aleksinian		335 *
						Tulian	Meramecian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	Meramecian	339.9 *
						Bobrikian	Osagean	343.1 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	Kosvian		346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
								Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
		Telychian						Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †						445.2
		Katian	Berounian							449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †								458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Oretanian									459.7 *
				Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian									468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian									477.7
													485.4