PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian Subages	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic				Late Albian		100.5
										Middle Albian		106.2 *
										Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian		113
		Aptian								Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian		139.8
										Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
										Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian		174.7
										Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
										Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian								Sevatian		208.5
										Alaunian		213.2 *
										Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian		227
		Carnian								Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian				307
				Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
				Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2	Chokierian
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
					Shangsian		Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †		335 *
				Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko		Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Chotec		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Chotec		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8