PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean												Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean												Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian												Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian												Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian												Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian												Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian												Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian						100.5
									Middle Albian						106.2 *
									Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian						113
		Aptian							Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian						139.8
									Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
									Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian							Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian						174.7
									Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
									Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian							Sevatian						208.5
									Alaunian						213.2 *
									Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian							Tuvalian						227
		Carnian							Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †			298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
							Dalaun	305.8 *
								305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian							Pirgu		445.2
									Vormsi		449.6 *
									Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
									Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
									Haljala			453.9
									Kukruse			456.4 *
									Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku			458.4
									Lasnamagi			458.9 *
									Aseri			460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
									Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
			Latorp †									470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			477.7				Hunneberg
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			504.5
															509