PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Melekhovian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian		Wordian												264.28
		Wordian		Wordian					Noginskian							264.9 *
		Roadian		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian											273.01
					Cathedralian				Pavlovoposadian							276.8 *
					Hessian											281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian											283.5
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
									Rusavkinian							287.6 *
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian			Nealian											293.52
		Asselian			Nealian							Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †										298.9
			Xiaodushanian													300 *
							Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
								Stephanian B		300.9 *
								Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian	303.7
									Khamovnikian	304.8
								Cantabrian	Khamovnikian	305 *
			Dalaun						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
									Krevyakinian	305.9
		Moscovian							Myachkovian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	Myachkovian	307.4 *
								Westphalian D	Podolskian	308.9 *
								Westphalian C	Podolskian	309.8
									Kashirian	311.4 *
									Vereian	313.8
								Westphalian B	Vereian	314.6
									Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian	315.2
									Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Westphalian A		317 *
			Huashibanian							318.5 *
									Prikamian	318.6 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	Prikamian	318.8 *
								Yeadonian	Severokeltmian	319.9 *
								Marsdenian	Severokeltmian	320.2 *
			Lousuan					Marsdenian	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	Krasnopolyanian	321.5 *
								Kinderscoutian	Voznesenian	321.9 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian					Chokierian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	Zapaltjubian	324 *
									Protvian	324.4 *
									Steshevian	326.8 *
								Pendleian	Steshevian	327.4 *
									Tarusian	329 *
			Shangsian						Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean					Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Mikhailovian			331.9 *
							Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Jiusian				Aleksinian			335 *
							Tulian			335.8 *
							Tulian	Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
							Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
							Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan				Kosvian	Ivorian		346.7
							Kizelian			350.7 *
							Cherepetian			351.9 *
							Cherepetian	Hastarian		353.7 *
							Karakubian			354.4 *
							Upinian			356.3 *
							Malevkian			357.6 *
							Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
											Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids					Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai					Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4								Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8