PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan		Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
			Huashibanian			318.5 *
			Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
						358.9