PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Pamirs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian			Lujanian			0.129
		Chibanian			Ensenadan			0.3 *
		Calabrian			Ensenadan			0.774
		Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian			Sanandresian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean			2.58
		Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
		Zanclean			Chapadmalalan			3.6
					Montehermosan			3.7 *
					Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
					Chasicoan			7.9 *
					Mayoan			9.9 *
					Laventan			10.9 *
		Serravallian			Laventan			11.63
		Serravallian			Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian			Colloncuran			13.82
		Langhian			Friasian			15.4 *
		Burdigalian			Friasian			15.98
					Santacrucian			16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
		Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian			20.44
		Aquitanian			Deseadan			20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
		Rupelian						27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian			Tinguirirican			33.9
		Priabonian			Divisaderan			35.9 *
		Bartonian						37.71
		Lutetian						41.2
		Lutetian			Mustersan			41.9 *
		Ypresian			Mustersan			47.8
		Ypresian			Casamayoran			47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Riochican			56
					Itaboraian			56.9 *
					Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian			259.51
		Wordian				264.28
				Noginskian		264.9 *
			Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
			Kubergandian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
			Yakhtashian			286
			Yakhtashian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Dalaun		Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Huashibanian		Cheremshanian	318.5 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Lousuan		Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Lousuan		Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
				Shangsian	Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Jiusian	Aleksinian	335 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
								443.8