International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCarboniferous of Western EuropeNeogene Mammal Ages of ChinaCambrian EpochsPermian of the PamirsEuropean Faunal UnitsCambrian of AustraliaCenozoic SubepochsCambrian of SiberiaMammal Paleogene ZonesCarboniferous of China
QuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneNihewanianLate Pleistocene0.0117
ChibanianMiddle Pleistocene0.129
CalabrianEarly Pleistocene0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianYusheanVillanyianLate Pliocene2.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
Baodean4.9
MioceneMessinianTurolianLate Miocene5.333
Tortonian7.246
Vallesian8.7
Tunggurian11.1
SerravallianAstaracianMiddle Miocene11.63
LanghianShanwangian13.82
BurdigalianOrleanianEarly Miocene15.98
Xiejiaan16.9
Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianLate OligoceneMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 2523.03
RupelianEarly OligoceneMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
EocenePriabonianLate EoceneMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A33.9
BartonianMiddle EoceneMP 1637.71
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
YpresianEarly EoceneMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
PaleoceneThanetianLate PaleoceneMP 6MP 1 - 556
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingianDorashamian251.902
WuchiapingianDzhulfian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianMidian259.51
Wordian264.28
Murgabian266.2 *
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurianKubergandian273.01
Bolorian279.8
Artinskian283.5
Yakhtashian286
SakmarianSakmarian290.1
AsselianAsselian293.52
Kuzel297.7
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Xiaodushanian300 *
StephanianStephanian C300.3 *
Stephanian B300.9 *
Stephanian A301.4 *
Kasimovian303.7
Cantabrian305 *
Dalaun305.8 *
Moscovian307
WestphalianWestphalian D307.4 *
Westphalian C309.8
Westphalian B314.6
Bashkirian315.2
Westphalian A317 *
Huashibanian318.5 *
NamurianYeadonian318.8 *
Marsdenian320.2 *
Lousuan321.2 *
Kinderscoutian321.5 *
Alportian322 *
Chokierian323.1 *
MississippianSerpukhovianDewunian323.2
Arnsbergian324 *
Pendleian327.4 *
Shangsian330.8 *
ViseanWarnantianBrigantian †330.9
Jiusian335 *
LivianAsbian †336.3 *
MoliniacianHolkerian †/Arundian/Chadian340.2 *
TournaisianIvorianTangbagouan346.7
Hastarian353.7 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantian443.8
Katian445.2
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
Tremadocian477.7
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Late CambrianDatsonianBatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Payntonian486.8 *
JiangshanianIverian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
PaibianIdamean494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianMiddle CambrianMindyallanAyusokkanian497
Boomerangian499
Mayan/Menevian499.5
DrumianUndillan500.5
Floran503
WuliuanTempletonianAmgan/Solvan504.5
Ordian507.8 *
Series 2Stage 4Early Cambrian509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
510.8 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
538.8