PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127731 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian			66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic			100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan						150
								Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian				Warepan						208.5
								Otamitan						217
								Oretian						221
				Carnian				Oretian						227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian				Etalian						238
				Anisian				Etalian						242
				Anisian				Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian						247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian						249
				Induan				Nelsonian						251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan						251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian						253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian					Zechstein	254.14
								Puruhauan						254.2
								Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian			Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian				Flettian		Urzhumian				264.28
				Wordian				Barettian		Urzhumian				266
				Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
								Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian				276
										Filipovian				276.5 *
										Saraninian				280.1 *
				Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian			Autunian	283.5
								Telfordian		Sarginian				285
										Irginian				285.9 *
										Burtsevian				287.8 *
										Burtsevian				288.5
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
				Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
Uskalykian					294.8
Surenian					297.5
Surenian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
									Xiaodushanian	300 *
					Stephanian					Stephanian C		300.3 *
										Stephanian B		300.9 *
										Stephanian A		301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Stephanian A		303.7
										Cantabrian		305 *
									Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian									307
					Westphalian					Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
									Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
					Namurian					Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
									Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean		Warnantian				Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Warnantian				Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
					Livian					Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian					Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian					Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian					Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
										Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
										Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
										Middle Givetian		383.7 *
	Early Givetian									385.9 *
	Eifelian		Late Eifelian							387.7
	Eifelian		Early Eifelian							390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian							393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian							398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian							410.8
			Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare									419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma									421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare									423
		Ludfordian	Paadla									423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula									427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu									429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu									430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani									431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian					Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
														1400