PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian							Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean							Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian							Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian							Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian							Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian	20
				Aquitanian							Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan				150
								Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian				Warepan				208.5
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
				Carnian				Oretian				227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian				Etalian				238
				Anisian				Etalian				242
				Anisian				Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian				249
				Induan				Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan				251.902
				Changhsingian				Waiitian				253.2
Wuchiapingian				254.14				Waiitian
				Puruhauan	254.2
				Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian			Flettian	Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian			Barettian	Urzhumian	266
			Roadian		Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian		Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian	276
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
						Telfordian	Sarginian	285
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
							Burtsevian	288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian		Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
							Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian					Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian					Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian				Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau				1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
												1400