PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian				Warepan								208.5
						Otamitan								217
						Oretian								221
		Carnian				Oretian								227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian				Etalian								238
		Anisian				Etalian								242
		Anisian				Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian								249
		Induan				Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan								251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian			Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
						Puruhauan								254.2
						Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian						256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian				266
		Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian		276
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian		283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian			285
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
						Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
						Surenian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
									Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean							Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
									Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian							Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian							Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Late Famennian		358.9
											Middle Famennian		365.3 *
											Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian									Late Frasnian		372.2
											Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
											Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Late Givetian		382.7
											Middle Givetian		383.7 *
											Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian									Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian									Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian									Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian									Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian									Late Lochkovian		410.8
											Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
											Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10		Sunwaptan				487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan				489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian		Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Marjumian				Albertian †					497
		Drumian		Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran		514
					Montezuman		514.8 *
					Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
														538.8