PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian			3
		Zanclean			Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian			13.82
					Clifdenian			15.1
				Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			23.03
					Duntroonian			25.2
					Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
				Arnold	Runangan			34.6
					Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian			41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
					Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan			47.8
					Mangaorapan			48.9
					Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian			56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Gallic		100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
				Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			Early Mississippian	353.7 *
								358.9