PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Australia	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian								3
		Zanclean				Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian								23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan								47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian								56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian							Senonian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan							Gallic	100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian				Korangan								113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian											Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian			Leine		264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									Xiaodushanian	300 *
							Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
										Cantabrian	305 *
									Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian			307
							Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian		Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
									Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
							Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
								Shangsian		Pendleian	330.8 *
		Visean					Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †		335 *
							Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian					Ivorian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian					Hastarian		Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Pragian	Siegen	Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian				Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	489.5
		Paibian									Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian		Mindyallan				497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian				499
		Drumian					Undillan				500.5
		Drumian					Floran				503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian		Ordian				509
		Stage 4									510.8 *
		Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8