PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian														Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian															Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Gashatan					56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian																			283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																		Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel																	Bursumian †	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian															Virgilian	298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C																	300.3 *
				Stephanian B																	300.9 *
				Stephanian A																	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A																Missourian	303.7
				Cantabrian																Missourian	305 *
																				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian																307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D																	307.4 *
				Westphalian C																	309.8
				Westphalian C																Atokan	312.7 *
				Westphalian B																	314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian																315.2
				Westphalian A																	317 *
				Westphalian A																Morrowan	318.4 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Alportian		322 *
				Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
				Arnsbergian			324 *
				Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Warnantian	Brigantian †		Meramecian	335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
			Ivorian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
			Hastarian			Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																			486.3 *
																			486.5
																			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Jiangshanian					489.5
											Aksaian									490.7 *
											Sakian									492.2 *
																			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Paibian					494
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian									Mayan/Menevian				Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian									Mayan/Menevian				Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan							Wuliuan/Taijangian					Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan									Wuliuan/Taijangian					Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Duyunian							Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
			Toyonian		Dyeran	511 *
			Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian					514
					Montezuman						514.8 *
			Atdabanian		Montezuman						515.6 *
			Atdabanian		Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian		Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
																					538.8