PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Tarantian							0.0117
				Chibanian								Ionian							0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Oteke	Puaroan	145
				Kimmeridgian													Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
																	Kawhia	Ohauan	150
																		Heterian	154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian														Temaikan	164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
													Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				Herangi	Ururoan	176
													Planulata						179.3 *
													Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
													Kanense						181.3 *
													Carlottense						182.3 *
													Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian									Kunae						184.2
													Freboldi						185.1 *
													Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
													Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Aratauran	188.9
																			189.2 *
													Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian															192.9
													Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
													Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
				Norian														Warepan	208.5
																		Otamitan	217
Oretian					221
Oretian				Carnian	227
Gore				Carnian	Kaihikuan	227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Kaihikuan	237
				Ladinian	Etalian	238
				Anisian	Etalian	242
				Anisian	Malakovian	246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
				Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
				Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian	Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian		285
				Wolfcampian		Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
			Asselian				Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean					Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian					Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian					Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian							Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
																			1400