PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian												Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian												Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian												Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian												Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian												Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean							Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian												Waipipian			3
				Zanclean												Waipipian			3.6
																Opoitian			3.7
									Baodean							Opoitian			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian												Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian												Tongaporutuan			7.246
															Southland	Waiauan			11.04
									Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian															11.63
				Serravallian												Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian					Shanwangian							Lillburnian			13.82
																Clifdenian			15.1
															Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian															15.98
									Xiejiaan										16.9
																Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian												Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
																Duntroonian			25.2
																Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian													Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
															Arnold	Runangan			34.6
																Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian												Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian												Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian												Bortonian			41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
																Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian												Heretaungan		Bumbanian	47.8
																Mangaorapan			48.9
																Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	Gashatan		56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian												Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian												Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
																Mangaotanean			90.5
																Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian												Arowhanan			93.9
															Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
																Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan			100.5
																Urutawan			103.3
															Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian												Korangan			113
				Aptian															117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
			Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	Mapingian †	298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
									305.9
			Moscovian						307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian			346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian			353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla					423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula					427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu					429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu					430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani					431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani					433.4
			Telychian	Adavere					434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere					438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula					439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula					440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian						443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian	Berounian							449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	458.4
			Dobrotivian	458.5 *
			Oretanian	459.7 *
				Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian									468
Early Ordovician		Floian	Arenigian									470
Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	Ungurian	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian										485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian										489.5
			Aksaian		490.7 *
			Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
			Toyonian		510 *
			Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan					1375
																			1400