PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128349 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of China		Cretaceous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian Subages of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian						66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic						100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian					Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				168.2
				Bajocian								Humphresianum			168.4
				Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
				Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
				Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
				Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Buntsandstein	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Buntsandstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Ohre/Aller	259.51
				Wordian										Leine	264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
				Asselian	Kuzel										297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel								Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C									300.3 *
						Stephanian B									300.9 *
						Stephanian A									301.4 *
				Kasimovian		Stephanian A									303.7
				Kasimovian		Cantabrian									305 *
				Moscovian		Cantabrian							Middle Pennsylvanian		307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D									307.4 *
						Westphalian C									309.8
						Westphalian B									314.6
				Bashkirian		Westphalian B							Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
						Westphalian A									317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian									318.8 *
						Marsdenian									320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian									321.5 *
						Alportian									322 *
						Chokierian									323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian							Late Mississippian		323.2
						Arnsbergian									324 *
						Pendleian									327.4 *
				Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †							Middle Mississippian		330.9
Livian					Asbian †	336.3 *
Moliniacian					Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		393.3
			Pragian			Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian					Paibian		494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
															1400