PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan				56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian								Wordian		264.28
		Roadian								Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian									Nealian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel								Nealian	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel									298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
				Stephanian B								300.9 *
				Stephanian A								301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A								303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian								305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian								307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D								307.4 *
				Westphalian C								309.8
				Westphalian B								314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B								315.2
				Westphalian A								317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian								318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian	324 *
				Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian				Paibian			494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian		Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian				Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian			530.7
												538.8