PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian									7.246
				Serravallian						Sarmatian									11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian									12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Buntsandstein						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Buntsandstein						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian									Leine						264.28
				Roadian															266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian														Bursumian †	293.52
				Asselian	Kuzel													Bursumian †	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel													Virgilian	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C													300.3 *
						Stephanian B													300.9 *
						Stephanian A													301.4 *
				Kasimovian		Stephanian A												Missourian	303.7
						Cantabrian												Missourian	305 *
																		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian															307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D													307.4 *
Westphalian C						309.8
Westphalian C						Atokan	312.7 *
Westphalian B							314.6
Westphalian B				Bashkirian			315.2
Westphalian A							317 *
Westphalian A						Morrowan	318.4 *
Namurian					Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Alportian		322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian	Chesterian	323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian	335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian		Osagean	346.7
				Ivorian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Hastarian		Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
	Katian		Chientangkiangian				Kralodvorian			Wufeng †	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian					449.5
							Berounian					449.7 *
	Sandbian											453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
							Dobrotivian							458.5 *
							Oretanian							459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
									Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian				Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian				Arenigian							470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Tremadocian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Tremadocian			Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan												Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635