PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Britain				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan							150
												Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian								Warepan							208.5
												Otamitan							217
												Oretian							221
				Carnian								Oretian							227
				Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian								Etalian							238
				Anisian								Etalian							242
				Anisian								Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian								Nelsonian							249
				Induan								Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan							DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian								Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian								Waiitian				Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Puruhauan				Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Aparima	Flettian				Rotliegendes			259.51
Wordian				264.28								Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
			Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian				Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian				Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian				Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †		Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †			336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian				Early Mississippian	346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian				Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian							Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian							Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
	Aeronian		438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill								Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc								Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Longvillian †		Aurelucian					456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian				470
				Whitlandian				471.1 *
				Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran	514
														Montezuman	514.8 *
														Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Wonokan †			571.7 *
																			635