PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Carboniferous of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian																	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																		Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Gashatan				56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																					259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian																					283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																				Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel																			Bursumian †	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel																			Virgilian	298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C																			300.3 *
				Stephanian B																			300.9 *
				Stephanian A																			301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A																		Missourian	303.7
				Cantabrian																		Missourian	305 *
																						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian																					307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D																			307.4 *
				Westphalian C																			309.8
				Westphalian C																		Atokan	312.7 *
				Westphalian B																			314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B																			315.2
				Westphalian A																			317 *
				Westphalian A																		Morrowan	318.4 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Alportian	322 *
				Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Chesterian	323.2
				Arnsbergian		324 *
				Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian	335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Osagean	346.7
			Ivorian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
			Hastarian		Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill		Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan			Pirgu	445.2
								Cautleyan				448.9 *
								Pusgillian				449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Cheneyan				Rakvere		451.5 *
								Cheneyan				Oandu		452 *
								Burrellian				Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
											Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
											Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
											Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †				455.2 *
												Kukruse			456.4 *
								Aurelucian							456.8 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku			458.4
												Lasnamagi			458.9 *
												Aseri			460.4 *
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri			461.3 *
										Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
												Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
						Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
												Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
													Latorp †			470.1 *
								Whitlandian								471.1 *
								Whitlandian				Hunneberg				473.7 *
								Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc		Migneintian								477.7
								Cressagian								480.8 *
												Varangu				481.3 *
												Pakerort				482.2 *
																Mansian †	483.55 *
								485 *								Mansian †
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian					Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																					486.3 *
					486.5
					Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian							489.5
								Aksaian									490.7 *
								Sakian									492.2 *
					Steptoean												493 *
		Paibian								Paibian							494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian									Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian					Guzhangian			Wangcunian †			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian					Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian					Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan					Wuliuan/Taijangian						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian							Waucoban †	509
					Toyonian		Lenian †											510 *
					Toyonian											Dyeran		511 *
					Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian								514
																Montezuman		514.8 *
					Atdabanian											Montezuman		515.6 *
					Atdabanian											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				Meishucunian	521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian					Manykaian †			529
		Fortunian					Manykaian †		Jinnigian	530.7
																							538.8