PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127468 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Britain				Permian of North America		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean						2.58
				Zanclean									Yushean						3.6
				Zanclean									Baodean						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian									Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian									Tunggurian						11.63
				Langhian									Shanwangian						13.82
				Burdigalian									Shanwangian						15.98
				Burdigalian									Xiejiaan						16.9
				Aquitanian									Xiejiaan						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Melekhovian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian							Wordian								264.28
				Wordian							Wordian				Noginskian				264.9 *
				Roadian							Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
												Cathedralian			Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
												Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian								Hessian							283.5
Wolfcampian					Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian	Nealian		293.52
				Asselian	Nealian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
						Khamovnikian			304.8
						Khamovnikian		Cantabrian	305 *
						Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian			307
						Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Podolskian		Westphalian D	308.9 *
						Podolskian		Westphalian C	309.8
						Kashirian			311.4 *
						Vereian			313.8
						Vereian		Westphalian B	314.6
						Melekessian			314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
						Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Cheremshanian		Westphalian A	317 *
						Prikamian		Westphalian A	318.6 *
						Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Severokeltmian		Yeadonian	319.9 *
						Severokeltmian		Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	321.2 *
						Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	323.2
						Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian	324 *
						Protvian			324.4 *
						Steshevian			326.8 *
						Steshevian		Pendleian	327.4 *
						Tarusian		Pendleian	329 *
			Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian	330.9
								Mikhailovian	331.9 *
								Aleksinian	333.7 *
								Tulian	335.8 *
						Livian	Asbian †	Tulian	336.3 *
						Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian	340.2 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian		Kosvian	346.7
								Kizelian	350.7 *
								Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Hastarian		Cherepetian	353.7 *
								Karakubian	354.4 *
								Upinian	356.3 *
								Malevkian	357.6 *
	Gumerovian							358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan					445.2
					Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian					Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
					Cressagian							480.8 *
					Cressagian							Mansian †	483.55 *
												Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10										Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian										Iverian				489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian										Idamean				494
		Paibian										Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
												Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
												Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian										Undillan				500.5
		Drumian										Floran				503
		Wuliuan										Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
												510.8 *	Toyonian
												Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3										Botomian	514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian		521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian										Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian				635
		Tonian				720
		Tonian	Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	Karatau			1000
		Stenian	Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian	Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian	Burzyan			1375
																			1400