PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127456 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan											150
									Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan											176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan											184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran											188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
				Norian					Warepan											208.5
									Otamitan											217
									Oretian											221
				Carnian					Oretian											227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan											237
				Ladinian					Etalian											238
				Anisian					Etalian											242
				Anisian					Malakovian											246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian											247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian											249
				Induan					Nelsonian											251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan									Dorashamian		251.902
				Changhsingian					Waiitian									Dorashamian		253.2
				Wuchiapingian					Waiitian									Dzhulfian		254.14
				Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan									Dzhulfian		254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian				Midian		259.51
				Wordian					Flettian					Wordian						264.28
									Barettian											266
																		Murgabian		266.2 *
				Roadian										Roadian				Murgabian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian		273.01
									Mangapirian									Kubergandian		276
																		Bolorian		279.8
															Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian																283.5
									Telfordian											285
																		Yakhtashian		286
														Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
																				288.5
				Sakmarian														Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian											Nealian			Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
				Asselian	Kuzel										Nealian			Asselian	Bursumian †	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel														Virgilian	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C														300.3 *
						Stephanian B														300.9 *
						Stephanian A														301.4 *
				Kasimovian		Stephanian A													Missourian	303.7
						Cantabrian													Missourian	305 *
																			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian																307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D														307.4 *
						Westphalian C														309.8
						Westphalian C													Atokan	312.7 *
						Westphalian B														314.6
				Bashkirian		Westphalian B														315.2
Westphalian A						317 *
Westphalian A						Morrowan	318.4 *
Namurian					Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Alportian		322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian	Chesterian	323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian	335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian		Osagean	346.7
				Ivorian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Hastarian		Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian			393.3
			Pragian				Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
										Dobrotivian						458.5 *
										Oretanian						459.7 *
											Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian								Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																				1400